期刊评审人危机的化解机制:认证、认定与激励

【目的】 探索期刊评审人危机的化解方法。【方法】 分析引起评审人危机的原因,并对认证、认定和激励评审人的可行性进行分析,提出一些具体的执行方案。【结果】 科技期刊可从以下方面化解评审人危机:提高评审过程的开放性和透明性;将评审报告标注DOI号,使其变成可被引用的文献,并与评审人的ORCID关联;借鉴新的社交媒体平台的认证、认定和激励机制,构建期刊同行评审工作认证平台,对评审工作进行认证和记录关联;对评审人工作的量和质进行评价和奖惩激励。【结论】 结合上述认证、认定和激励措施,一方面可以解决传统同行评审的弊端,避免学术欺诈和虚假评审问题;另一方面将允许有更多合格的研究人员自愿参与学术期刊的同行评审;再者,通过激励可以使评审人更快、更高效、更富信誉和建设性地进行评审,从而促进期刊和科学的发展。     

清热解毒、散风除翳法对细菌性角膜炎的作用机制研究

目的:观察清热解毒、散风除翳法对细菌性角膜炎模型鼠的疗效及其作用机制。方法:将60只Wistar大鼠随机分为5组,即模型组、小剂量组、大剂量组、对照组以及空白组，每组12只大鼠。采用细菌性角膜炎动物模型症状评定观察清热解毒、散风除翳法的疗效,通过细菌清除率、角膜细菌菌落计数,光学显微镜观察大鼠角膜的病理组织学改变,并采用流式细胞仪检测CD4+,CD8+及CD4+/CD8+的水平讨论清热解毒、散风除翳法的作用机制。结果:1)清热解毒、散风除翳法可降低细菌性角膜炎性反应状评分,提高细菌清除率,改善角膜基质层的病理结构;2)清热解毒、散风除翳法可提高细菌性角膜炎模型鼠外周血血CD4+、CD8+的表达水平,具有剂量依赖性(P<0.05),CD4+/CD8+比值相对稳定,各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:清热解毒,散风除翳法能有效改善细菌性角膜炎,其作用机制可能与上调大鼠外周血中CD4+,CD8+含量有关。     

The risk of fractures,acute myocardial infarction,atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmia in geriatric patients exposed to promethazine

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the risk of fractures, acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular arrhythmia among Danish citizens aged ≥ 65 which were new users of promethazine or domperidone, triazolam, loratadine, and betahistine. Secondly, the study aimed to perform a risk stratification to identify the most relevant predictors for the study outcomes.

Methods: The study period was 01/01/2015 to 31/12/2016. The data sources were the Danish registers. Each patient was followed for 90 days. A logistic regression model was used to compute the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR), and a conditional inference tree was used to identify the most relevant predictors for the study outcomes.

Results: Promethazine had a higher risk of hospitalization for atrial fibrillation than loratadine and betahistine (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.07–2.63 and OR 3.22; 95% CI 1.69–7.14, respectively). For fractures, acute myocardial infarction, and ventricular arrhythmia hospitalizations, no statistically significant differences were found among drugs under investigation. The medical history of cardiac arrhythmia (OR 4.14; 95% CI 2.94–5.78, p < 0.0001) was the most relevant predictor for atrial fibrillation hospitalizations.

Conclusion: This study found an increased risk of atrial fibrillation hospitalization among promethazine users, and the risk was higher among patients with prior cardiac arrhythmia.     

Lung function as a predictor of incident type 2 diabetes in community-dwelling adults: A longitudinal finding over 12 years from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

AimReduced lung function is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there are limited data in East Asian populations on the relationship between them. For this reason, this study investigated the longitudinal relationship of lung function with incident T2D in Korean adults.MethodsThe study included 7583 non-diabetic adults aged 40–69 years from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Participants were divided into four groups according to gender-specific quartiles (Q1–Q4) of %PFVC and %PFEV₁. Also, HRs with 95% CIs for incident T2D were prospectively analyzed as per American Diabetes Association criteria using multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression models.ResultsDuring a 12-year follow-up, 1403 (18.5%) participants presented with newly developed T2D. HRs (95% CIs) of incident T2D in Q1 vs. Q4 (reference) of %PFVC were 1.67 (1.35–2.07) for men and 1.77 (1.39–2.24) for women and, of %PFEV₁, 1.58 (1.28–1.95) for men and 1.61 (1.27–2.03) for women, after adjusting for age, waist circumference, smoking status, alcohol intake, regular exercise, education levels, monthly household income, family history of diabetes, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels.ConclusionReduced lung function precedes and significantly predicts the future development of T2D independently of obesity, smoking and inflammation in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly people.     

"肺炎1号"治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎451例多中心临床研究

目的:观察“肺炎1号”治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床疗效。方法:选取2020年2月17日至2020年3月15日湖北省中医院、监利县中医院、蕲春县人民医院、潜江市中医院、洪湖市中医医院、阳新县中医医院、浠水县中医院、大冶市中医医院、汉川市人民医院、武昌方舱医院收治的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者451例,采用“肺炎1号”联合西医常规治疗,观察“肺炎1号”对新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的临床症状、舌象、实验室检查结果及肺部CT情况。结果:共纳入451例患者,其中轻型21例,普通型378例,重型46例,危重型6例。疑似病例6例(1.33%),临床诊断病例168例(37.25%),确诊病例277例(61.42%)。治疗后与治疗前比较,患者发热、咳嗽、乏力主要症状发生率显著降低(P<0.05);恶寒、鼻塞、流涕、打喷嚏、咽部痒、咽痛、呼吸困难、胸闷、肌肉酸痛或关节疼痛、头晕头痛、纳差、恶心呕吐、腹胀、大便稀溏症状发生率显著改善(P<0.05);白细胞计数、中性粒细胞绝对值变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);淋巴细胞绝对值明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);C反应蛋白、降钙素原明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。退热时间3(1～3.25)d。229例患者舌质由红或绛逐渐转为淡红,好转率为75.58%;177例患者白腻苔、厚腻苔、黄腻苔明显变薄,好转率为65.31%。新型冠状病毒核酸转阴时间为8(5,11)d。415例(92.02%)肺部CT明显好转,主要表现在病灶面积减小,变薄变淡。达到出院标准430例,临床治愈率95.34%;好转15例;无效3例;死亡3例(0.67%)。治疗过程中,未见明显不良反应,临床应用安全。结论:“肺炎1号”结合西医常规治疗对新型冠状病毒肺炎有较好的治疗作用,能够快速稳定病情,阻断轻型、普通型向重型、危重型转化;明显改善患者临床症状;较好促进肺部炎性反应吸收;使用安全可靠。